This monograph analyses the strategic evolution of Mediterranean Shipping Company (MSC) from a single-vessel family enterprise in 1970 to the world’s largest container shipping line. It examines four phases of development: early family-driven operations, global expansion, alliance-based industry consolidation, and recent scale acceleration. The study explores MSC’s diversification across maritime and logistics sectors, including cruise shipping, ports, logistics and air cargo, interpreting these moves through strategic management frameworks such as the resource-based view and real options theory. A comparative analysis with Maersk highlights contrasting industry models. The monograph concludes that MSC’s success derives from coherent long-term strategy, disciplined investment, and strong family governance.